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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">RIPAC (microprocessor)</span></span>

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<p><b>RIPAC</b> was a <a href="VLSI" class="mw-redirect" title="VLSI">VLSI</a> single-chip <a href="Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a> designed for automatic recognition of the <a href="Connected_speech" title="Connected speech">connected speech</a>, one of the first of this use.

</p><p>The project of the microprocessor RIPAC started in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RIPAC was aimed to provide efficient real-time <a href="Speech_recognition" title="Speech recognition">speech recognition</a> services to the italian telephone system provided by <a href="Societ%C3%A0_Italiana_per_l'Esercizio_Telefonico" class="mw-redirect" title="Società Italiana per l'Esercizio Telefonico">SIP</a>. The microprocessor was presented in September 1986 at <a href="The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> (Netherlands) at <a href="European_Association_for_Signal_Processing" title="European Association for Signal Processing">EUSPICO</a> conference. It was composed of 70.000 transistors and structured as <a href="Harvard_architecture" title="Harvard architecture">Harvard architecture</a>.

</p><p>The name RIPAC is the acronym for "Riconoscimento del PArlato Connesso", that means "Recognition of the connected speech" in Italian. The microprocessor was designed by the Italian companies <a href="CSELT" title="CSELT">CSELT</a> and <a href="Leonardo_(company)" title="Leonardo (company)">ELSAG</a> and was produced by <a href="STMicroelectronics" title="STMicroelectronics">SGS</a>: a combination of <a href="Hidden_Markov_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidden Markov Model">Hidden Markov Model</a> and <a href="Dynamic_Time_Warping" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic Time Warping">Dynamic Time Warping</a> algorithms was used for processing speech signals. It was able to do real-time speech recognition of Italian and many languages with a good affordability. The chip, issued by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4907278">U.S. Patent No. 4,907,278</a>, worked at first run.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFCesare_Mossotto2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cesare Mossotto (2011). "Centro studi e laboratori telecomunicazioni (CSELT)". In Cantoni, Virginio; Falciasecca, Gabriele; Pelosi, Giuseppe (eds.). <i>Storia delle telecomunicazioni, Vol. 1</i> (in Italian). Firenze University Press. p. 394. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-88-6453-243-1</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLicciardiPaoliniTassoTorielli1989" class="citation book cs1">Licciardi, L.; Paolini, M.; Tasso, R.; Torielli, A.; Cecinati, R. (May 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5726265">"RIPAC: A VLSI processor for speech recognition"</a>. <i>1989 Proceedings of the IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference</i>. pp. 20.6/1–20.6/4. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FCICC.1989.56798">10.1109/CICC.1989.56798</a></span>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:62563680">62563680</a>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFCecinatiCiaramellaLicciardiVenuti1989" class="citation journal cs1">Cecinati, Riccardo; Ciaramella, Alberto; Licciardi, Luigi; Venuti, Giovanni (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/eurospeech_1989/cecinati89_eurospeech.html">"Implementation of a dynamic time warp integrated circuit for large vocabulary isolated and connected speech recognition"</a>. <i>First European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, EUROSPEECH 1989, Paris, France, September 27-29, 1989</i>. ISCA: <span class="nowrap">1565–</span>1568.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFCecinatiCiaramellaVenutiVicenzi1987" class="citation journal cs1">Cecinati, Riccardo; Ciaramella, Alberto; Venuti, Giovanni; Vicenzi, Cesare (1987). "A Custom Integrated Circuit with Dynamic Time Warping for Speech Recognition". <i>CSELT Technical Reports</i>. <b>15</b> (1).</cite></li>

<li>R. Cecinati, A. Ciaramella, L. Licciardi, M. Paolini, R. Tasso, & G. Venuti (1990). U.S. Patent No. 4,907,278. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.</li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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